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# NIS 2 and cybersecurity incidents: how to recognize and manage them
April 29, 2026 by [user](https://www.e-time.it/en/author/carla/index.md) [News](https://www.e-time.it/en/category/news-en/index.md), [NIS2](https://www.e-time.it/en/category/nis2-en/index.md)
[](https://www.e-time.it/en/nis-2-cybersecurity-incidents/index.md)
**INDEX**
1. [What is a cybersecurity incident under NIS 2](#cosa)
2. [Types of security incidents under NIS 2](#qualefunzione)
3. [Incident reporting obligations under NIS 2](#sistemidiiam)
4. [How to manage a cybersecurity incident under NIS 2](#comegestire)
5. [Rexpondo and incident management](#rex)
## What is a cybersecurity significant incident under NIS 2
The **[NIS 2 Directive](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/IT/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32022L2555)** introduces the concept of **“significant incidents”**, meaning events that have caused, or could potentially cause, a **serious disruption to the operational continuity** of services or **significant financial losses for an organization**.
Compared to the **GDPR definition** of a data breach, which focuses primarily on the violation of confidentiality, integrity, and availability of personal data, the **NIS 2 approach is broader** and more comprehensive. The regulation also considers incidents that **cause significant material or immaterial harm** to individuals or legal entities.
Furthermore, the **Directive extends its scope** to include events that, although they have not yet produced an immediate concrete impact, **present a high risk of negative consequences**. This means that potentially harmful situations become relevant regardless of whether the effect has already occurred.
### Types of security incidents under NIS 2
[**Guidelines from the Italian National Cybersecurity Agency (ACN)**](https://www.acn.gov.it/portale/w/nis2-linee-guida-sul-processo-di-gestione-degli-incidenti-di-sicurezza-informatica) classify **reportable significant incidents into four main macro-categories**:
- **Confidentiality breach:** includes cases of data exfiltration to unauthorized external parties.
- **Integrity loss**: refers to unauthorized modifications of data that may produce relevant external effects.
- **Service level violation:** occurs, for example, when a cloud service experiences an outage that exceeds contractually agreed thresholds.
- **Unauthorized access or privilege abuse**: includes cases where no actual data theft occurs, but system security is still compromised.
At the European level, the **European Commission** further refines these criteria by **introducing quantitative and sector-specific thresholds.**
Discover Rexpondo, the ticketing platform that supports compliance with NIS 2 requirements.
[Visit Rexpondo’s website](https://www.rexpondo.com/)
[Discover more](https://www.e-time.it/otrs-ticketing-system-2/index.md)
### Incident reporting obligations under NIS 2
In addition to the **[general obligations of the NIS 2 Directive](https://www.e-time.it/la-direttiva-nis2-obblighi-requisiti/index.md),** the regulation establishes a **multi-stage incident reporting process** with **strict timelines** and **mandatory communication** to competent authorities such as CSIRT Italy and ACN.
1. **Early warning (within 24 hours):** the process begins with a prompt notification to be sent within 24 hours from the moment the organization becomes aware of a significant incident. This initial phase provides a **preliminary overview of the event** and **available information.**
2. **Formal notification (within 72 hours)**: within 72 hours, a complete incident report must be submitted, updating and expanding the initial data. This stage includes a more accurate **assessment of the severity of the event** and any identified indicators of compromise.
3. **Final report (within 1 month)**: within one month, a final report must be delivered, containing a **detailed analysis of the incident**. It includes the root causes, the overall impact on the organization, and the corrective and preventive measures implemented to avoid recurrence.
### How to manage a cybersecurity incident under NIS 2
To ensure **effective incident management** and regulatory compliance, organizations must adopt a proactive, metric-based security approach, aligned with **measure DE.CM-01**. They should first define their normal operational baseline in advance through a **Business Impact Analysis (BIA)**, which allows them to establish **expected service levels** and corresponding tolerance thresholds.
Based on this, continuous monitoring of networks, systems, and services becomes essential **to promptly detect deviations** from defined parameters. When these deviations exceed established thresholds and **qualify as a significant incident**, the organization must immediately **activate its incident response plan**.
The procedures include **impact assessment**, **implementation of containment** and **mitigation measures,** and timely submission of the **mandatory pre-notifications** required by applicable regulations.
### Rexpondo and incident management
[**Rexpondo**](https://www.rexpondo.com/) is a **ticketing and IT Service Management (ITSM) platform** designed to track, organize, and manage **support requests** and **security incidents** in a structured way, including those that may compromise **IT service continuity**.
The system aims to ensure **rapid restoration of normal operations,** reducing business impact and service downtime.
A key feature of Rexpondo is **priority management based on objective impact** and **urgency criteria**. **Incident classification** can be performed manually by service desk operators or automatically assigned by the system.
Through a **structured incident management approach**, full event traceability, and support for fast and measurable response processes, Rexpondo helps **organizations align with NIS 2 Directive** requirements for [**incident management and reporting**](https://www.rexpondo.com/incident-management-best-practice-security/).
Discover how to be compliant
with the NIS 2 Directive
[Contact us](https://www.e-time.it/en/contacts/index.md)
## Related Posts
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